effects separately for eastern and western Germany as well as for older workers and those workers who are likely to top up … associated with a small negative cumulative earnings effect for older workers in western Germany." (Author's abstract, IAB …

"The unemployment rate in East Germany has been almost twice as high as in West Germany since unification. At the same … market development in East Germany since unification, we also analyse an alternative scenario characterized by an improvement …

"The unemployment rate in East Germany has been almost twice as high as in West Germany since unification. At the same … market development in East Germany since unification, we also analyse an alternative scenario characterized by an improvement …