, especially emerging markets, have used these tools and analyses suggest that some can reduce procyclicality and crisis risks. Yet …

global factors driving cross-border bank flows, alongside country-specific factors. It confirms the explanatory power of US … financial conditions, with flows decreasing in market volatility (VIX) and term premia, and increasing in bank leverage, growth … Area – are also important, sometimes even more so, consistent with the dominant role of European banks in cross …

decisions for 186 banks and 97 non-bank financial institutions in Indonesia, the Republic of Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines … (smaller) non-bank financial institutions were more likely to be closed. This suggests a"too big to fail"policy. 5) These …

banks entry. The causality direction is often unclear. Policies and structural conditions can affect bank quality. The role … reform existing state-owned banks (the rehabilitation approach) or whether a new private banking system should be allowed to … emerge (a new entry approach). Or should there be a mix of the two approaches, in which the state bank activities are …