One of the consequences of major regulatory reform of the telecommunications sector from the end of the 1970s … former national telecommunications monopolies to expand internationally. From the 1990s, a number of these firms … explores how the regulatory framework within which telecommunications incumbents evolved over the long-term helped shape their …

-looking incumbents in telecommunications and electricity rapidly transformed themselves into some of the world’s leading Multinationals …

, electricity and telecommunications, in two large countries, Spain and the United Kingdom. In telecommunications, but to a much …