We set up a simple trade model with two countries hosting one firm each. The firms invest in cost-reducing R&D, and … R&D subsidies the lower the level of trade costs, even if the firms are independent monopolies. If firms produce …

with high scale elasticities typically display a non-monotonous relationship between trade liberalisation and concentration …, with maximal concentration for intermediate trade costs. Other industries, more driven by comparative advantage, become … more and more concentrated as trade costs are lowered. On the aggregate European level we find an (inverse) U …

stemming from terms-of-trade improvements and reduced dependence on subsidized and protected industries. The paper also …

This paper examines the role of the burden of proof (BoP) in National Treatment (NT) disputes under trade agreements …

We propose a model of trade agreements in which contracting is costly, and as a consequence the optimal agreement may … be incomplete. In spite of its simplicity, the model yields rich predictions on the structure of the optimal trade … explicitly into account can help explain a number of key features of real trade agreements. …

Using a numerical general equilibrium model we examine the possible production, trade and welfare effects of successful … implementation of the Uruguay Round results. The model includes trade in manufactures and (some) services among industrial regions ….e. ignoring both agriculture and trade with developing countries) may be fairly limited. Compared with a scenario of GATT failure …

We examine the setting of national competition policy in a two-country setting, emphasizing the relationship of trade … general equilibrium distributional effects of competition policy, the relationship of national competition policy to terms-of-trade … gains and losses, the implications of "distinct national markets" linked through trade (the starting point for all trade …

The Most-Favored Nation clause (MFN) forbids Members of a trade agreement to discriminate between trading partners. It … agreements in the World Trade Organization. There seems to be a rather widespread belief among policy makers that there are …