encourage cooperation in all treatments, but that both leaders and their group members are more likely to follow leaders … leads to significantly more cooperation, higher group earnings and reduced variation in contributions among group members. …

cooperation. HollŠnder, however, did not define the characteristics of environments in which high valued approval is likely to …

Development of human societies requires cooperation among unrelated individuals and obedience to social norms. Although … punishment is widely agreed to be potentially useful in fostering cooperation, many recent results in psychology and economics … highlight punishments' failures in this regard. These studies ignore punishments' social effects, and particularly its role in …

Evolutionary theory reveals that punishment is effective in promoting cooperation and maintaining social norms …

provide a zero return to their investors, even when they know that their investors had no role in imposing the threat. Our …

We report data from public goods games showing that privately-implemented punishment reduces cooperation in relation to … a baseline treatment without punishment. When that same incentive is implemented publicly, however, cooperation is … this increased cooperation is not attributable to shame, differences in information or signaling. Rather, our evidence is …

Cooperation is indispensable in human societies, and much progress has been made towards understanding human pro … punishment can crowd out intrinsic motives for cooperation and detrimentally impact efficiency. At the same time, evolutionary … biologists have long recognized that cooperation, especially food sharing, is typically efficiently organized in groups living on …

provide a zero return to their investors, even when they know that their investors had no role in imposing the threat. Our …