firm will export or import. Foreign ownership has a large positive impact on the likelihood to engage in direct trade but a … negative effect on the likelihood to trade through intermediaries; the effects vary across upper and lower middle income …

firm will export or import. Foreign ownership has a large positive impact on the likelihood to engage in direct trade but a … negative effect on the likelihood to trade through intermediaries; the effects vary across upper and lower middle income …

firm will export or import. Foreign ownership has a large positive impact on the likelihood to engage in direct trade but a … negative effect on the likelihood to trade through intermediaries; the effects vary across upper and lower middle income …

We merge German balance-of-payments and foreign-affiliate-trade statistics to obtain data about trade in commercial …

the exporting versus the importing country. Trade liberalization in the form of less lumpy trade is shown to expand the … role of export and import intermediaries but to have potentially negative effects on the volume of international trade and …

We merge German balance-of-payments and foreign-affiliate-trade statistics to obtain data about trade in commercial …

This paper develops an oligopolistic model of international trade with heterogeneous firms and endogenous R&D to … examine how trade liberalization affects firm and industry productivity, as well as social welfare. We identify four effects … of trade liberalization on productivity: (i) a direct effect through changes in R&D investment; (ii) a scale effect due …