in rural areas, but it has not reduced poverty that much, not least because of how it is administered. Moreover, the …

The paper contributes to the measurement of poverty and vulnerability in three ways. First, we propose a new approach … to separating poverty into chronic and transient components. Second, we provide corrections for the statistical biases … introduced when using a small number of periods to estimate the importance of vulnerability and transient poverty. Third, we …

The paper contributes to the measurement of poverty and vulnerability in three ways. First, we propose a new approach … to separating poverty into chronic and transient components. Second, we provide corrections for the statistical biases … introduced when using a small number of periods to estimate the importance of vulnerability and transient poverty. Third, we …

generate a poverty trap.  The setting is rural China, and the data are from a national household survey for 2002, designed with … that poverty has an adverse effect on both the quality and quantity of education - so contributing to a poverty trap.  The … community income - so also contributing to a poverty trap.  The third strand brings no fewer than 17 estimated relationships …

Despite the dramatic reduction of poverty in China over the past 35 years, poverty has not been fully eradicated in …

This paper discusses data used in publishing statistics on earnings, the distribution of household income and poverty …. This has had consequences for providing official data on wages, income and poverty which we discuss along with other … earnings, household income and poverty, and we present seven of these in the paper. …