This paper examines the J-curve hypothesis for Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the UK. Applying the vector error correction model and the generalised impulse response function, this study finds that the trade balance reacts to real depreciation in several different patterns in the short run....

The recent financial crisis has plagued banking institutions around the world. Using a non-parametric (data envelopment analysis) approach, we measure operating and profit efficiency of 21 commercial banks from four countries during 2004-2010. The results suggest that for the most part there is...

The compensation hypothesis predicts a positive causation from international economic openness to the size of the public sector, as governments step in to perform a risk mitigating role to counterbalance the increasing exposure to external risk and the economic dislocations caused by growing...