, within a KPF framework, the relationship between the amount of R&D of firms and universities and the amount of patent …

innovation. Spain has done well in reducing the carbon emissions intensity of GDP growth but will need to do more to meet future …’insuffisance de l’innovation. L’Espagne a obtenu de bons résultats pour ce qui est de la réduction de l’intensité en émissions de …

advance the notion of quadic patent family, defined as a patent family that consists of patent applications at the European … Patent Office, the Japanese Patent Office, the United States Patent and Trademark Office, and the national patent office of a … a sample of 38 countries. Our results indicate that quadic patent applications are driven by the need for accessing …

not patents affect the direction of research but that scientists’ understanding of patent law; their recent experience …

innovation and total factor productivity at the country level. More recently this approach has been extended to take account of … externalities induced by innovation activities from foreign countries. This article is an attempt to test this relationship in the … those that relate productivity to innovation ad hoc, allows us to test the exogenous nature of externalities induced by R …

To analyze the welfare gain from allowing for differentiated patent protection across sectors, this study develops a … two-sector quality-ladder growth model in which patent breadth is a policy variable and derives the optimal patent breadth … under two policy regimes. We show that (i) the optimal uniform patent breadth is a weighted average of the optimal sector …