China's electricity sector has experienced substantial efficiency improvement during the last one and a half decades …. The recent literature has mostly attributed the efficiency improvement to the 2002 unbundling reform with little attention … contributed at least half of the observed efficiency improvement during this period. The results have significant implications for …

production levels and realize stochastic profits. We characterize the incumbent's first-stage debt and capacity choices as …In capital intensive industries, firms face complicated multi-stage financing, investment, and production decisions … and a capacity investment policy. In the second stage, the incumbent and a single-stage rival simultaneously choose …

The paper is a review of possible consequences and challenges presented by high oil prices in Pakistan. Pakistan is … resources. The rising oil prices in the international market has had effected negatively balance of payment position as well as … development oil will remain an important source of energy. The government should chalk out strategies for ensuring efficiency in …

deregulation. The results reveal that when new private companies from the charter sector came into the open market, pursuing an …. Finally, it is seen that deregulation has led to the consolidation of a competitive environment in the domestic Spanish market …

outages, inflated prices of products and contentions on the pump price of products. This paper examines the various issues …

1. Introduction Power industry deregulation and electricity market restructuring, which began in Chile in the 1980s and … Transmission Organizations (RTO) and the development of competitive wholesale power markets. Deregulation also led to the creation … of various electricity contract–based financial derivative products. In 1996, the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX …