World merchandise exports amounted to 5.3 trillion us dollars in 1997 and exports of commercial services amounted to 1.3 trillion. These are unpecedented volumes that have expanded much faster than income in the post-war period. More than half of the volume of merchandise trade flows amongst...

While a number of measures of openness have been used in empirical studies, none has a theoretical derivation. Using cge models of an economy, this paper derives a number of measures of opennesss which lie on the unit interval and have a welfare interpretation. One group of measure are...

This paper argues that developing economies may face a trade-off between specializaing according to existing comparative advantage (in low-technology goods), and entering sectors in which they currently lack a comparative advantage, but may acquire such an advantage in the future as a result of...

In this paper we (1) estimate the effects of international R&D spillovers on total factor productivity growth of the seven largest industrialized countries (G-7); (2) analyze the effect of spillovers on the structure of production , i.e. the effects on factor dema d such as labor and investment...

The last twenty years have seen a rise of inequalities and a slowdown of growth in the US and Europe. It is common wisdom to interpret the rise of inequalities as the result of a skill-biased labor demand shift. While there is a strong evidence that such a shift has happened, this overlooks the...

This paper constructs a model where otherwise identical economies having different initial conditions are in different steady-states in autarky because skill accumulation is subject to credit constraint. In a two country world it is shown how international trade in goods can cause complete...

We show that even under socially constant returns to scale indeterminacy, i.e., a continuum of dynamic general equilibrium paths converging to a common steady state, can arise in a dynamic Heckscher-Ohlin model with production externality and endogenous time preference in which production is...

This paper connects a traditional topic in trade theory with a new topic in economic dynamics in a simple two(-country) by two(-good) dynamic general equilibrium (dge) model by showing that the transfer paradox, or the donor-enrichment and recipient-impoverishment transfer, is possible if and...

The costs of import substitution (IS) as a strategy for industrialization, which was deemed synonymous with economic development by many development economists of the fifties and sixties, were shown to be substantial in the influential and nuanced studies of the seventies and eighties under the...

Using an extension of the influence-driven lobbying approach developed by Grossman and Helpman, we study the impact of regional trading arrangements (RIAS) on trade policy towards non-members in a three-good, three-country model.