To support national environmental policy, it is desirable to forecast and analyse environmental indicators consistently with economic variables. However, environmental indicators are physical measures linked to physical activities that are not specified in economic models. One way to deal with...

The stories included in this volume were published originally in IDBAmérica and tell of new approaches the people of Latin America and the Caribbean are taking to protect the rainforest, reduce erosion, conserve marine life, create protected areas, and ensure a better future for themselves and...

This paper contributes to the growing effort to synthesize the fields of trade policy and environmental policy. We discuss: the question of whether international trade undercuts unilateral internalization policies: the role of income constraints in environmental policy; and the possibility of...

Agriculture is a special sector both for developed and developing countries. The second chapter provides an overview of the reasons why agriculture is so special. The third chapter analyzes relationships between agriculture, international trade, liberalization of markets and economic development...

Porter hypothesis suggests tougher environmental regulations could spur technological growth, leading to an increase in productivity of market outputs, simultaneously providing greater environmental protection. This study tests the Porter hypothesis in US agriculture using state level data from...

Theoritically, spatially targeted environmental policies are considered optimal, since economic agents tune their efforts according to their environment. But this advantage can be undermined by the high cost of information. We posit that it is possible to reduce the spatial scale and...

The impact of environmental policy on international trade has received a great deal of attention over the decades. Theory predicts that the relative level of a country's environmental policy, technology, and factor endowments will jointly determine international trade and specialisation. This...

Many trade and environment issues will confront agriculture over the next several years. This report provides an economic framework to better understand these issues and discusses prior empirical inquiries and findings. Four primary issues are addressed: (1) how will environmental policies...