The dependency on fossil fuels has arisen two kinds of worries: firstly, its linked environmental impacts, especially the climate change effects; secondly, the depletion of the finite reserves. Each concern has prevailed in different historical moments. In any case, CO2 emissions and massive use...

The relationships between economic growth and environmental pressures are complex. Since the early nineties, the debate on these relationships has been strongly influenced by the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis, which states that during the first stage of economic development...

Habitualmente las estadísticas oficiales consideran exclusivamente las emisiones que un país produce en el interior de su territorio. Este enfoque, conocido como “responsabilidad del productor”, no tiene en cuenta el papel del comercio internacional. Esta limitación ha dado lugar a una...