The economic impact of unions has received increasing attention in the literature. However, the channels through which unions impinge on performance are seldom identified. This paper examines the impact of industrial conflict on output and factor productivity in a panel of British manufacturing...

Using data on unfair dismissals from the 1992 Survey of Industrial Tribunal Applications, the authors investigate appellant success at British industrial tribunal hearings. They find evidence that, as in North American grievance arbitration, predominantly male tribunal panels were more likely to...