Though congestion tolls can increase social welfare, the public often opposes them. One explanation for the opposition is that a road user views a congestion toll as punishment for the damage he causes others. Since a user suffers from congestion, he believes that he has already suffered some...

Consumers who believe that government will provide them with some public medical care, even if they did not purchase medical insurance, may choose to purchase no such insurance. The amount of medical care consumed will then be less than the first-best optimum. Under specified conditions...

Consider a consumer who can choose to travel on a congestible fast mode or on a congestible slow mode. Users who most value time will use the fast mode. A toll on the slow mode can induce some people who initially use that mode to switch to the fast mode. A toll on the slow mode with revenue not...