From 1986 to 1993, the United Shareholders Association (USA) provided a conduit through which small atomistic shareholders could unite, and attempt to influence the governance of large US corporations. This paper describes the USA's actions and examines its impact on targeted corporations. We...

In 1990, Pennsylvania enacted Senate Bill 1310 which contains five provisions designed to make takeovers prohibitively expensive. Firms were permitted, however, to Opt out of some or all of the law's provisions. We examine the relation between the opt-out decision and attributes of corporate...

In 1990, Pennsylvania enacted Senate Bill 1310, containing five provisions designed to make takeovers prohibitively expensive but allowing firms to opt out of some or all of the law's provisions. We find that firms that opted out of SB 1310 had lower insider control of voting rights and were...

The number of non-U.S. firms listing their equity on U.S. stock exchanges has increased dramatically. While non-U.S. firms may seek U.S. listings for a variety of reasons, we focus on one often-mentioned motive, namely, that a U.S. listing enhances access to external capital markets. We document...

The positive market reaction associated with an ADR listing is frequently attributed to a reduction in market segmentation costs that improves access to capital. If so, the benefit should be greatest for ADR firms that face relatively high indirect barriers to capital access. Our paper directly...