SUMMARY Some general observations on population policies in socialized countries are first presented, then the economic, juridical and informative measures to encourage natality are enumerated. The main economic measures are : family allowances and maternity grants, tax rebates, special taxes...

In 1995, the U.S. Agency for International Development implemented an integrated program of family planning education and services in six Russian cities to increase physicians’and women’s contraceptive knowledge and change current contraceptive use. Large population-based surveys...