We investigate gender differences in insider trading behavior of senior corporate executives in the U.S. between 1975 and 2005. We find that, on average, both female and male executives make positive profits from insider trading, but males earn about twice as much as females; males also trade...

We investigate whether short sellers contribute towards informational efficiency of market prices by trading on their private information or destabilize market prices by trading on rumors and false information. We do so by projecting a firm's short-selling activities on contemporaneous trading...

We provide evidence of two variants of a dating game that entails picking a grant date ex post, that is, after the board's compensation decision is made: back-dating (picking a date before the board decision date), and forward-dating (waiting after the board decision date to observe the stock...

We provide evidence of a dating game that entails picking a grant date ex-post, i.e., after the board's compensation decision is made. We suggest two variants of the dating game. Back-dating (picking a date in the past with a lower stock price compared to board decision date) if the stock price...

The paper discusses the economic impact of legal, corporate governance, tax, disclosure, and incentive issues arising from revelation of dating games with regard to executive option grant dates. It provides an estimate of the value loss incurred by shareholders of firms implicated in backdating...

Financial market regulations require various quot;insidersquot; to disclose their trades after the trades are made. We show that such mandatory disclosure rules can increase insiders' expected trading profits. This is because disclosure leads to profitable trading opportunities for insiders even...

Investment advisory firms and brokerage firms hire analysts to uncover profitable securities investment opportunities. Then these firms sell the information (either directly or indirectly) to others. Why? Given that the information has value, why do these firms not keep the information to...

We study the design of enforcement mechanisms when enforcement resources are chosen ex ante and are inelastic ex post. Multiple equilibria arise naturally. We identify a new answer to the old question of why non-maximal penalties are used to punish moderate actions: "marginal" penalties are much...