[eng] The Paris stock exchange financing of the infrastructure in the XIXth century. The private societies provide the emerging countries with infrastructures and utilities. In these countries, privatization of the utilities seems a modern answer to solve their problems of recurrent budget...

[eng] In the XIXth century, Paris is a dominant international financial centre. In the second half of the XIXth century, many foreign projects get financing on the Paris market. This success can be explained by financial reasons. . JEL Classification : N23

[fre] Au 19e siècle, Paris représente un pôle incontournable de la finance internationale. L’épargne abonde et finance des projets étrangers à partir de la seconde moitié du 19e siècle. Les explications habituellement données à cette évolution sont d’ordre économique et...

Following Waterloo, managing French public finances represented a daunting task. Defeated France had lost a substantial part of its population and territory. The country was partially occupied and France was to pay huge amounts as reparations to the victors. Furthermore, France’s reputation...

Following Waterloo, managing French public finances represented a daunting task. Defeated France had lost a substantial part of its population and territory. The country was partially occupied and France was to pay huge amounts as reparations to the victors. Furthermore, France’s reputation...