This paper investigates the relationship between interest rates and government budget deficits in Pakistan over the period from 1970: I to 1991: IV. The results reveal that government budget deficits do not exert significant influence on nominal or real interest rates. These findings do not lend...

This paper addresses B5 biodiesel programs in Malaysia, global challenges on the production of palm oil. Protective measures for future efficiency as well as continued viability of this renewable energy sector are also discussed. Crude palm oil (CPO) prices are currently suppressed because of...

This paper reports a study on the performance assessment of di-functional magnetic Fe–Ca oxide catalyst in biodiesel production using hemp oil. In situ co-precipitation procedure was used for synthesis of di-functional magnetic solid base catalyst. The resultant catalyst had good magnetic...