When the Soviet <italic>kolkhozy</italic> and <italic>sovkhozy</italic> were converted, a large number of agricultural production co-operatives was created. Most of these co-operatives still exist in Russia and some of them have a strong market position, accounting for almost one-third of the aggregate volume produced by large...

The <italic>kolkhozy</italic> and <italic>sovkhozy</italic> that operated in the former Soviet Union have been converted into other organisational forms, among them agricultural production co-operatives. In some regions of Russia and in some types of production these co-operatives are strong. Since production co-operatives...

Viele ländliche Räume in Ostdeutschland sind insbesondere seit der Wiedervereinigung von rapid gesunkenen und anhaltend geringen Geburtenzahlen und seit über 50 Jahren von selektiver Abwanderung betroffen, wobei die Siebungsfaktoren Alter, Geschlecht und Qualifikation in der Regel eng...

With the collapse of the socialist regime in East Germany in late 1989 and the rising political call for unification in early 1990, a radical and abrupt change of the institutional structure became necessary. The (agricultural) administration had to be totally restructured. This referred not...

During the mid-1980s Vietnam experienced widespread hunger and malnutrition. This led to an economic reform process already before the transition in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and the former Soviet Union (CIS). Vietnam embarked on a unique way of decollectivization which followed neither...

With the break-down of the socialist regime in East Germany in 1989/90 the collective farms had to be transformed or to be dissolved. At that time, it had been anticipated by (mostly West German) politicians and agricultural economists alike that collective farms would soon wither away and be...

With the change of the political regime in Central and Eastern Europe, both managers of corporate farms and newly established private farmers had to adjust to the rules of the market economy. Among both groups, some are economically more successful than others. In general, a varying adoption of...