The study seeks to investigate empirically the direction and shape of causality among trade openness, investment and … of cointegration is sufficient to testify the existence of a long-run relationship among the variables of a particular …. In order to achieve the objective of the study, modern econometric methodologies such as unit root tests; cointegration …

Investment in network infrastructure can boost long-term economic growth in OECD countries. Moreover, infrastructure … investment can have a positive effect on growth that goes beyond the effect of the capital stock because of economies of scale … between infrastructure and economic growth. Time-series results reveal a positive impact of infrastructure investment on …

output, saving and investment for the period of our study, 1960 to 2003. The analysis uses Lee and Strazicich (2004 … investment. These dates coincide with the effect of the Islamic revolution in 1979 and Iran-Iraq war, 1980 to 1988. The … around 0.35. The role of investment was found to be imprecise in the long run. The short run estimates show that saving has a …