With about 85 % of irrigated agricultural land in Tajikistan, irrigation schemes play a central role for commercial crop production of dekhan farms (peasants) but also contribute to food security for households by cultivating kitchen gardens or presidential land. However, many structural and...

Water for irrigation and irrigation infrastructure are both common pool resources, due to their low excludability and high rivalry. The wellknown common pool resource dilemma is often the consequence. Collective action may be a way how societies can overcome this dilemma. First results from a...

One of the most important issues in rural development is empowerment and entitlement of farmers through participation. Decentralisation and participation are seemingly interdependent. Therefore, the paper begins with a theoretical discussion on the cause and effects of this interdependence....