In post-socialist countries there is a mismatch between highly developed S&T human resources and lagging industrial restructuring. The lack of incentives and assistance, which discourage many more people from applying their research skills to industry, is the greatest blockage to these countries...

Norrköping, a small urban area formerly dependent upon old labour-intensive industries, has developed a knowledge-based renewal strategy inspired by ideas emanating from its superseded local economy. Using a longitudinal case study, this paper explicates the dynamics of change among a triple...

With this paper I discuss the importance of permeability among university–industry–government boundaries based on the experience of MIT and Boston, Stanford and Silicon Valley, the Research Triangle and North Carolina, and Newcastle University and Northeast UK. Encouraging permeability in...