<title/> The nature and extent of complementarities between the informal and formal venture capital markets has been the subject of limited research. This paper explores systematically the nature and extent of complementarities between the formal and informal venture capital markets in the UK, and...

The investigation of manufacturing employment change in Greater Manchester provides a provincial conurbation example to complement the well-documented case of industrial decline in London. Between 1966 and 1975 Greater Manchester lost one-quarter of its manufacturing employment, largely through...