Very shallow geothermal energy resources are amongst the RES (renewable energy sources). They can be expressed as TC (thermal conductivity) (W/m∗K) and VHC (volumetric heat capacity) (MJ/m3∗K) of unconsolidated ground, and can be obtained from a depth of 10 m below the Earth's surface....

After the Fukushima nuclear disaster, renewable energy resources have become increasingly important in Europe. Based on available pedological, climatological, topographical, and administrative data sets we analysed the pan-European very shallow geothermal energy potentials (vSGP) on a mapping...