This research report first discusses tropical platations in global forestry. It emphasizes that tree plantations presently include much a wider range of categories, purposes, species variety and management forms than commonly perceived.

Energy decisions play an essential role in reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the transportation sector. Biogas is a renewable energy source and can be used as an energy source for gas-operated cars or for electric cars. This paper compares different ways to use biogas, which is produced...

This study focused on identifying various system boundaries and evaluating methods of estimating energy performance of biogas production. First, the output–input ratio method used for evaluating energy performance from the system boundaries was reviewed. Secondly, ways to assess the efficiency...

This paper explores the challenge of defining the scope of a systems model, emphasising three aspects: boundary, granularity and conceptual scope. The significance of these is illustrated by reference to a model of land-use decisions made in villages bordering on the Mafungautsi forest in...

Log pricing and supply arrangements vary between countries. Some countries use open markets to determine log prices while others regulate supply and offer medium to long-term contracts to log buyers. A study of four industrialised countries - the United States, Canada, New Zealand and Australia...

Diameter-limit cutting of stands in the US northeast is a common practice often thought to give the landowner the highest financial returns. A landowner's decision to diameter-limit cut or use some other harvesting option on a given stand involves examining mutually exclusive investments....