Understanding the relationship between nominal and real variables, most notably inflation and cyclical output, is one of the fundamental questions of economics. Toward this understanding, we develop a model that integrates sticky prices and sticky information-a dual-stickiness model. We find...

This paper proposes an empirical dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) framework to measure the degree of monetary policy accommodation when the nominal interest rate is zero. The framework employs a hypothetical DSGE model in which the nominal interest rate can be lowered below zero...

Since the global financial crisis, macro stress testing has attracted much attention in many countries as a method to evaluate potential risks of financial system. The Bank of Japan has conducted macro stress testing with various scenarios reflecting financial and economic conditions at each...

policy rate in the 2000s.

A wrong model can lead to a wrong conclusion. The failure to capture inflation dynamics has made the standard New Keynesian framework of monetary policy analysis prone to such a critique. In this paper, we investigate optimal monetary policy using a model that can capture the observed inflation...

This paper describes Financial Activity Indexes (FAIXs), early warning system for financial imbalances in Japan. We introduced the first version of FAIXs in 2012 and revise FAIXs this time. First, we sort the candidate financial indicators into 14 categories. Second, in each category, we examine...

This paper analyzes the effects on the financial system and the real economy of errors in a reference rate, and the subsequent rapid corrections of the rate. In this analysis, we use the Financial Macro-econometric Model, which reflects an adverse feedback loop between the financial system and...

Researchers have used cross-state differences to assess the jobs impact of the 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (the Recovery Act). Existing studies find that the Act's broadly- directed spending (i.e. excluding tax cuts) increased employment, at a cost-per-job of roughly three to...