Lack of access to an adequate, affordable and environmentally friendly energy supply is a severe constraint for development. Financial sustainability and demand-side focus of projects are the most relevant parameters to consider for long-term sustainability of electrification projects according...

Lack of access to an adequate, affordable and environmentally friendly energy supply is a severe constraint for development. Financial sustainability and demand-side focus of projects are the most relevant parameters to consider for long-term sustainability of electrification projects according...

This paper examines the relative merits of two dominant economic instruments for reducing pollution—”green” taxes and tradable permits. Theoretically, the two instruments share many similarities, and on balance, neither seems preferable to the other. In practice, however, most countries...