Lääkemarkkinoita on vapautettu viime vuosina muissa Pohjoismaissa. Norjassa, Tanskassa ja Ruotsissa itsehoitolääkkeiden myynti on sallittu apteekkien lisäksi päivittäistavarakaupalle. Norjassa ja Ruotsissa on vapautettu lääkemarkkinoita laajemminkin. Myös Suomessa on käyty keskustelua...

Risk sharing is becoming an increasingly popular instrument to regulate the price of new drugs. In the recent past, forms of risk-sharing agreements between the public regulator and the industry have been proposed and implemented, but their effects on price and profits are still controversial....

Occupational licensing is among the fastest-growing labor market institutions in the U.S. economy. One of the key features of occupational licensing is that the law determines who gets to do the work. In those cases where universally licensed occupations are both complements to and substitutes...

We show that recent developments in hedonic pricing theory allow modeling of the equilibrium pricing function as the marginal cost of an additional housing unit plus a markup that varies inversely with the elasticity of demand. Useful information about demand elasticity at a given point on the...

The presence of rationing or more generally of the situations of constrained demand can make the traditional methods of measuring inflation questionable and give an erroneous image of the reality. In this paper, we use the virtual price approach (Neary, Roberts, 1980) to estimate the real...

One of the most important and most contentious issues for regulation and competition raised by the 1996 Telecommunications Act is when to authorize the regional Bell companies to offer long-distance services. The Department of Justice (DOJ) adopted a standard requiring that a Bell's local market...

Does medical insurance affect health care demand and in the end contribute to improvements in the health status? Evidence for China for the year 2004, by means of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), shows that health insurance does not affect health care demand in a significant manner....

In many developed countries, budgetary pressures have made government turn to private insurance as a means of reducing pressure on their public health system. Between 1997 and 2000 the Australian government implemented a series of financial incentives for supplementary private health insurance,...

This paper studies the mechanism for the equity of payments for using the Colombian health system, defined as the possibility of consuming services when the need arises, regardless of the individual's resources. The incentives produced by the payment system are studied, as well as a particular...