The sector of Work Integration Social Enterprises (WISEs) has grown considerably all across Europe during the last few decades. While WISEs focusing at sheltered employment for people with disabilities exist for a long time already, many governments embraced WISEs as an active labour market...

“Stakeholder” and related notions have been coined to enhance managerial practice in mainstream corporations. Currently, these notions are abundantly present in all kinds of discourses, especially those on mainstream “socially responsible investing”. But what kind of stakeholder...

In the last two decades, several innovative legal frameworks for social entrepreneurship were developed across Europe. The differential success of these innovations raise certain questions. Is the intrinsic design of these legal frameworks optimal for social enterprises? Secondly, is the...

Ever since the Bosman case opened the labour market for players in European professional football, competitive balance has reduced in favour of the Big 5 leagues (England, Spain, Italy, Germany and France) and more specific in England, Spain and Italy. In this article we show that changing...

In this paper we focus on financial co-operatives as economic enterprises with a civic mission, their process of repositioning vis-a-vis the market, civil society and the state, and the resulting 'co-operative trilemma' that they face. A recent qualitative analysis of five major co-operative...

Who counts in co-operatives, and how? In this paper empirical results are presented from recent quantitative and qualitative studies on Belgian co-operatives in which questions about who counts in co-operatives and how were treated (Develtere, Meireman & Raymaekers, 2005; Dujardin, Mertens & Van...