Banks may be unable to refinance short-term liabilities in case of solvency concerns. To manage this risk, banks can accumulate a buffer of liquid assets, or strengthen transparency to communicate solvency. While a liquidity buffer provides complete insurance against small shocks, transparency...

Australia has a history of few bank failures, even fewer financial crises, and its banking sector emerged from the global financial crisis relatively well.1 With an eye toward international developments, the Australian authorities have taken commendable steps to strengthen the financial safety...

This Selected Issues paper discusses capital and liquidity regulations in Sweden. It recaps the recent debates on capital and liquidity buffers, and discusses a way to consider appropriate levels of capital and liquidity buffers in the case of Sweden. The paper estimates the government’s...

The Nigerian financial system underwent a banking crisis in 2008–09, owing to the global financial crisis and domestic events. The decisive crisis response effectively stabilized the banking system, but the challenge now is to devise a credible exit strategy. The Central Bank of Nigeria...

The Scottish Water and sewerage market for non-household customers was opened to retail competition on 1st April 2008. This development, unique in the history of the British water and sewerage industry, was the culmination of a decade-long process of industrial and regulatory restructuring in a...