demand for forest fuels, and two of them concern the relation between economic growth and pollution. <p>Paper [I] is a first …

-shaped pollution–income relation. It is shown that the model is compatible with most empirical regularities on economic growth and the …

between growth and pollution –which does not only imply challenges but also opportunities for developing countries: indeed …-existing techniques in pollution abatement, they will be able to tunnel or leap-frog the EKC trajectory derived from developed countries …

pollution/energy use. To this end, we first use different indicators of environmental pollution along with a measure of energy … relationship between pollution and the shadow economy. The estimation results show that there is an inverse-U relationship between … the size of the informal economy and environmental pollution, that is, small and large sizes of the informal economy are …

another division of the formal sector, which generates less pollution than the informal sector since the former uses a … in the formal sector may accentuate pollution, even if it involves transfer of EST. Secondly, there might exist a … positive relationship between pollution and national income in the economy both in the presence and absence of transfer of EST …

quality. Moreover, Japan’s imports from the region do not cause pollution while China’s imports stimulate the pollution per …