probability of a decrease in firm-level costs, prices and profits. Exchange rate movements are passed through to import prices …, absorbed in firm selling prices and lead to adjustments in firm profits. The pattern is non-linear across firms with a varying … also show that exchange rate variability affects adjustment probabilities. The analysis suggests that Swiss firms take …

Cow-herd standardized performance analysis (SPA) data for Texas, Oklahoma, and New Mexico were used to determine … economic factors affecting cow-herd costs, production, and profitability. Total cost was defined as the financial cost … associated with raising a calf through the weaning stage; production, as pounds weaned per exposed female; and profits, as a rate …

data from 1999 to 2009 in 10 fixed observation villages in Guizhou Province, we carried out empirical survey and analysis …