This paper generalizes a model of monopolistic competition attributable to Spence (1976). Firms produce symmetrically differentiated products with declining or U-shaped average costs. Free entry drives profits to zero in equilibrium. Spence finds that when firms behave "competitively," in a...

The strong consistency of regression quantile statistics (Koenker and Bassett [4]) in linear models with iid errors is established. Mild regularity conditions on the regression design sequence and the error distribution are required. Strong consistency of the associated empirical quantile...

The fixed parameters of the nonlinear mixed effects model and the density of the random effects are estimated jointly by maximum likelihood. The density of the random effects is assumed to be smooth but is otherwise unrestricted. The method uses a series expansion that follows from the...