Portugal is faced with important challenges concerning the definition of policies to achieve energy and environmental targets, taking also into account the economic and social issues. A multi-sectoral economy–energy–environment model has been developed to perform a prospective analysis of...

Interval programming techniques are a valuable approach for tackling uncertainty in mathematical programming models, because they only require the knowledge of the feasible range of variation of the model coefficients. Nevertheless, the use of these techniques has some limitations, namely when...

A multi-objective linear programming (MOLP) model based on a hybrid Input–Output (IO) framework is presented. This model aims at assessing the trade-offs between economic, energy, environmental (E3) and social objectives in the Brazilian economic system. This combination of multi-objective...

This paper performs an assessment of 41 agricultural biogas plants located in Austria to determine their relative performance in terms of economic, environmental, and social criteria and corresponding indicators. The comparison of these renewable energy conversion plants is based on two...