This note demonstrates that two minimal requirements of decision tree analysis, the folding back procedure and the interchangeability of consecutive event nodes, imply independence.

To minimize use of biodiesels synthesized from edible oils like Palm due to raising food versus fuel issue, Palm biodiesel (PBD) was blended with biodiesels derived from tree borne non-edible oil seeds Jatropha, and Pongamia to examine the effect on cloud point (CP) and pour point (PP) of PBD....

Managers often employ market response models as decision aids and historical information of competitors' market outcomes to aid their competitive decisions in oligopolistic settings. However, little is known about how access to a decision aid or the availability of competitors' market outcomes...