When the income approach is used to value real property, appraisers forecast anticipated cash flows from the property and discount those cash flows to arrive at a present value. To do this, appraisers must determine an appropriate rate for discounting the future cash flows. Market value is...

Retail research has evolved over the past sixty years. Christaller's early work on central place theory, with its simplistic combination of range and threshold has been advanced to include complex consumer shopping patterns and retailer behavior in agglomerated retail centers. Hotelling's...