combination of purchased and own care, the effect of income on fertility is ambiguous, even if quantity of children is a normal … income effect on fertility is positive when quantity is a normal good. (iii) If, on the other hand, there only is own care …, there is a different kind of quantity–quality trade–off. The income effect on fertility is positive if quantity is a closer …

The emergence of old-age social security has been linked to general fertility decline, and in recent years pension … reforms have emerged as a response to the challenges of population ageing, in turn partially a consequence of fertility … decline. Understanding the link between social security and low fertility is therefore very important. In this paper we …

Lower fertility can translate into a more male-biased sex ratio if son preference is persistent and technology for sex … an Indian scheme, Devirupak, that seeks to decrease both fertility and the sex ratio at birth. First, I construct a model …

involved in the legislative process), we show that an expansion in the welfare state increases the fertility, marriage, and … formation. Nevertheless, we also find that the welfare state decouples marriage and fertility, and therefore, alters the …

variables. We find that improved access to credit increases fertility with an elasticity of around 30%, while the effect of the …