As a result of the duality of cost and distance functions the efficiency of cost-minimizing behaviour can be compared to shadow-prizing behaviour, and conversely. In this framework we outline the form that dual efficiency measures, Muro (1982), Muro and Vera (1983), adopt for homothetic and...

This paper will attempt to reflect on the processes of international technology transfer at the beginning of European industrialization. During this period, when the achievement and the spread of technical innovations were vital to the acceleration of economic growth, the more underdeveloped...

Commercial regulations of the Hispanic monarchy gave great importance to the relations between the metropolis and its colonies. In times of war, Spain was not able to supply her colonies by its own means. Her incapacity of maintaining the imperial communications forced Spanish government to open...

This paper explores the nature and implications of nineteenth century patent law in two late-industrializing countries: Spain and Mexico. Both inherited earlier ancien regime monopoly practices, both adopted aspects of modern, codified patent systems in the early nineteenth century, and both...

En este trabajo se pretende analizar los diversos paradigmas y trayectorias tecnológicas relacionados con las máquinas térmicas a lo largo del siglo XIX y primeras décadas del XX para reflexionar sobre la dinámica evolutiva y lógica interna del propio proceso de innovación en el sector,...

Las Entidades Locales desarrollan su gestión presupuestaria en un entorno complejo establecido por la normativa estatal, autonómica y local, y condicionada por la presión de los ciudadanos por mejores servicios públicos y los requerimientos de mayor eficiencia en el gasto provenientes de...

Did multinationals already existed in the 19th century? and if so, what was their role in international technology transfer to colonial markets? In this paper we examine a French machinery manufacturer -Derosne & Cail- one of the most innovative engineering firms in the mid-nineteenth century as...

During the second half of the 19th century transportation costs decreased sharply. Among the most notable technological advances that lead to the transportation revolution we find the arrival of the railways. This paper provides a quantitative analysis of the expansion of the railways at the...

Time series filtering methods such as the Hodrick-Prescott (HP) filter, with a consensual choice of the smoothing parameter, eliminate the possibility of identifying long swing cycles (e.g., Kondratieff type) or, alternatively, may distort periodicities that are in fact present in the data,...