This paper presents the services trade restrictiveness indices (STRIs) for the regulated professions of legal and accounting services. The STRIs are composite indices taking values between zero and one, zero representing an open market and one a market completely closed to foreign services...

This paper presents the services trade restrictiveness indices (STRIs) for construction, architecture and engineering services. The STRIs are composite indices taking values between zero and one, zero representing an open market and one a market completely closed to foreign services providers....

The paper proposes a new way of analysing the efficiency of dynamic market selection, based on the persistence of scale economies. The new methodology is used to investigate the causes of stagnating productivity growth in EU business services. An efficient market ensures that more productive...

The persistent assumption of nontradability of service activities led to a general lack of understanding of the role of services in country specialization and performance, in particular in the developed economies. Yet, the share of services in international trade is ever growing, proving their...

This study was commissioned by the European Commission, Directorate General "Enterprise and Industry" and was completed at the end of 2005. The objective was to investigate the impact of the accession of new member states on the intra-European division of labour and on global competitiveness in...

The launch of the Euro and the location of the European Central Bank in Frankfurt was initially seen as a threat to London's pre-eminent position in European financial geographies. This paper explains why this was in fact not the case. The paper is therefore divided into two sections. Firstly it...

Las industrias de bienes de confianza generalmente se encuentran organizadas como Organizaciones Autorregluadas (OA). Sin embargo, la autorregulación implica una situación de captura regulatoria por lo cual los incentivos de la OA para controlar la calidad provista en el mercado y denunciar...

This paper examines the effect on productivity of having more near advertising agency neighbors and hence better opportunities for meetings and exchange within Manhattan. We will show that there is extremely rapid spatial decay in the benefits of having more near neighbors even in the close...

This paper provides a model of knowledge sharing and networking among single unit advertising agencies and investigates the implications of this model in the presence of heterogeneity in agencies’ quality. In a stylized screening model, we show that, under a modest set of assumptions, the...

The aim of the paper is to contribute both conceptually and empirically to a deeper understanding of the territorial shaping of knowledge combination and its development dynamics underpinning innovation. The importance of combining and integrating knowledge bases from different sources,...