El modelo que se desarrolla y propone como alternativa en este trabajo pretende garantizar un monto de reservas internacionales que garantice un `escudo de protección´ contra los choques externos y que a su vez funcione como respaldo amortiguador ante situaciones de urgencia de liquidez,...

El presente estudio plantea una comparación entre el impacto que han tenido los choques externos en la región latinoamericana y en el este asiático, para el periodo comprendido entre 1995 y 2009. Con el fin de evaluar si dicho impacto ha sido diferente en cada región, se plantea la...

Basic ferro-alloys are some of the most important ingredients for producing carbon and special steel (using ferrochrome). The market of basic ferro-alloys is somehow independent of other raw materials markets, depending mostly of steel. There are sometimes speculative operations, but they do not...

Most of the daily steel we so much need is obtained now in electric furnaces, for which the main raw material is scrap. The scrap market is a very sensitive one, depending very much on internal collect, exports and imports, the market of steel and freight. Commerce with scrap is one of the most...

The special ferro-alloys are the most important ingredients for special alloyed steel. They are much more expensive than basic ferro-alloys and there are fewer producers. The market is volatile most of the time due to the balance offer-demand: some special ferro-alloys are obtained only in a...

This book discusses the issues associated with the capriciousness of capital flows into Latin America, examining macroeconomic and financial sector impact, as well as offering policy recommendations for achieving stability despite volatile capital flows. The authors review recent experience with...

This book discusses the issues associated with the capriciousness of capital flows into Latin America, examining macroeconomic and financial sector impact, as well as offering policy recommendations for achieving stability despite volatile capital flows. The authors review recent experience with...

El turismo es una de las actividades económicas más relevantes de la economía española. Ha jugado y sigue jugando, sin duda, un importante papel en el crecimiento económico español. A pesar de los problemas estructurales existentes en algunas de las ramas vinculadas del sector turístico,...

This paper is a non-technical and somewhat philosophical essay, that seeks to investigate the relationship between economics and reality. More precisely, it asks how reality in the form empirical evidence does or does not influence economic thinking and theory. In particular, which role do...