This large scale econometric study finds private borrowing and spending decline as government deficits grow, due to “crowd out” effect resulting from financing the deficits from the limited pool of available loanable funds, and crowd out completely offsets stimulus effects. This result is...

Declining consumer confidence is cited as a cause of declining consumer demand. If so, it may also affect business spending on investment goods, as businesses adjust production in response to changes in consumer confidence that will affect demand. This paper examines effects on consumption and...

This paper econometrically tests whether deficits financed by government borrowing “crowd out” business and consumer spending reductions by reducing credit availability. To test the hypothesis, the government deficit variables are added to consumption and investment models to see if they...

Separate investment demand functions are developed and tested for (1) plant and equipment, (2) inventory, and (3) residential housing and compared for consistency with previous studies of total investment demand. U.S. 1960 - 2000 data are tested using 2SLS with heteroskedasticity controls. Data...

Government deficits financed by domestic borrowing were found to crowd out private borrowing and spending by consumers and businesses, in both recession and non-recession periods. Deficits due to tax cuts had a net negative effect on GDP, because stimulus effects are smaller than the crowd out...

Separate investment demand functions are developed and tested for (1) plant and equipment, (2) inventory, and (3) residential housing and compared for consistency with previous studies of total investment demand. U.S. 1960 - 2000 data are tested using 2SLS with heteroskedasticity controls. Data...

This paper argues that resources constitute the fundamental area of overlap between the interests of input-output economists and industrial ecologists. Three misconceptions about input-output economics obscure this fact: the frequent failure to utilize combined quantity and price input-output...