Two approaches to the theory of OCA are distinguished in this paper. The first attempts to define the OCA from the point of view of a single country, and the second examines the optimality of a currency area of a given size anf membership. The present paper after reviewing the drawbacks of the...

This paper formalizes the relation between comparative statics and the out-of-equilibrium explanation for how a system evolves after a change in parameters.

Microgrids are defined as an area of electricity distribution network that can operate autonomously from the rest of the network. In order to achieve the best economic outcomes, the participants in a microgrid can benefit from cooperation in microgrid design and operation. In this paper, a...

This essay makes the assumption that the euro is coming and seeks to understand the implications of its arrival for the US dolar. In particular, it investigates the motives for, and implications of, shifts of funds by international portfolio managers in response to the euro's introduction.

Which exchange rate arrangement should developing countries adopt? This question has been given new urgency by the 1997-98 Asian crisis, with its offshoots in Eastern Europe and Latin America. Adjustable or crawling pegs were in place in almost every coun

Exchange rate variability is a central theme in the debate on the performance of exchange rate regimes. The consequences of this variability for economic activities have always been a major concern of policy makers. The present study focuses on international trade. The aim is to construct a...

The crisis of the European exchange-rate system (ERM) in 1992093 was a critical event in the post- Bretton Woods history of the international monetary system. A full understanding of the causes, origins, and implications of the ERM breakdown can privide policy lessons that are particularly...