formation, and discusses how corporate governance and firm agency problems affect optimal law enforcement against cartels, both … in terms of sanctions and leniency policies. Many of the conclusions appear applicable, with minor changes, to non-antitrust … forms of collusion, such as collusion between auditors and management, and more generally to corporate and organized crime. …

An antitrust authority deters collusion using fines and a leniency program. Unlike in most of the earlier literature …, our firms have imperfect cumulative evidence of the collusion. That is, cartel conviction is not automatic if one firm …

We study cartel contracts using data on 18 contract clauses of 109 legal Finnish manufacturing cartels. One third of …,cartel organization, or external threats. Cartels use three main approaches to raise profits: Price, market allocation, and specialization …. These appear to be substitutes. Choosing one has implications on how cartels deal with instability. Simplifying, we find …

shown what are the market forces and economic factors that determine how cartels, which are at the core of antitrust policy …This paper presents some of the most important microeconomic tools used in assessing antitrust and merger cases by the … fact that collusion is one of the least important concerns, due to the specific elements that determine the nature of …

An antitrust authority deters collusion using fines and a leniency program. Unlike in most of the earlier literature …, our firms have imperfect cumulative evidence of the collusion. That is, cartel conviction is not automatic if one firm …

We study cartel contracts using data on 18 contract clauses of 109 legal Finnish manufacturing cartels. One third of … organization, or external threats. Cartels use three main approaches to raise profits: Price, market allocation, and specialization …. These appear to be substitutes. Choosing one has implications on how cartels deal with instability. Simplifying, we find …

show that any vertical merger facilitates upstream collusion, no matter how large (in terms of capacity or size of product … collusion than a similar merger with a smaller buyer. This formalizes the idea expressed in the U.S. and EU non …

several other forms of crimes that share cartels' strategic features, including corruption and nancial fraud. …