innovation market. If employment protection is introduced, firms’ willingness to pay for product or process innovations increases … innovations and firms. …

patents; however, most patent databases contain no information on whether patents have been commercialized, i.e., whether … innovations have been introduced in the market. This paper applies a new method to identify innovations in patent databases by … commercialization variables. For this purpose, I use a unique database on Swedish patents that includes information on whether patents …

This paper looks at the relationship between patents and economic growth in Japan and South Korea using both individual … logarithms of real GDP and the number of patents are cointegrated. For South Korea, we do find such evidence. For Japan, we find … a two-way causality between the growth of real GDP and the growth of the number of patents. For panel data, we find that …

Using U.S. patent records in nanotechnoloy, we study the impact of university research on industry innovations with the … exceed the productivity of the inventors without such experience. We also find that the share of industry patents in … nanotechnology that cite university-assigned patents almost doubles during the period and inventors with university experience cite …

The decision to require that countries grant product patents for pahrmaceutical innovations as a condition of … inclusion of this requirement, claiming that vastly higher drug prices would be associated with such patents. …