The use of market-based incentives (MBIs) as mechanism for influencing pollution abatement has increased greatly in recent years. This trend reflects the realization that the integration of economic and environmental decision-making will induce the private sector to take steps to reduce their...

In this study, we present an overview of the alternative instruments for pollution control. We have included a review of theoretical foundations of market-based incentive instruments and a discussion of the disadvantages of the market-based incentive approach. Most of the study, however, is...

Over the past few decades, the environmental policy debate has evolved to recognize the utility of influencing pollution abatement by using market forces that integrate economic and environmental decision-making. Market-based incentive (MBI) instruments may be broadly classified to include...

The growth of value added taxation from its first adoption in France in 1954, to its present implementation by more than sixty countries is unprecedented in the field of taxation. While sixty nations use one or another form of VAT, forty nations have implemented a comprehensive VAT. Its...

The purpose of this study is to develop recommendations for the reform of the corporation income tax system in Sri Lanka in order to improve the fiscal climate for long term industrial investment. The present tax system is characterized by high statutory rates and a wide array of opportunities...

The Eje Vial del Cono Sur is a project to develop a road in Uruguay from Colonia to Rio Branco on the northern border with Brazil that will run across in the south. The road would form part of an important transportation link between Buenos Aires in Argentina and Sao Paulo in Brazil. The...

In this study, an attempt is made to develop estimates of the value of economic rent from production of hydro-electricity. These estimates are made for the year 1979, which is the latest period for which a comprehensive set of data was available at the time this work was undertaken. The...

The 1986 tax reform in Bolivia was comprehensive and highly successful. Since that time the economy has moved from a state of hyperinflation to one of economic stability and growth. As this process continues there will be a need for additional government revenues to develop social and physical...

Reengineering or reforming a tax system in low-income countries such as Nepal Malawi or Bolivia is a more challenging, or a more interesting, task than undertaking a tax reform in a typical high income industrial country. The greatest challenge is to design a tax system that will appropriately...

The purpose of this study is to provide an outline of the policy issues that arise when instituting a system of private-funded pension plans. At this time, many countries-particularly those in Eastern Europe and Latin America-are rethinking their past social security policies and considering the...