This paper presents a comparative study of the level of unit labor costs in the manufacturing sectors of several countries. The paper begins by surveying earlier estimates of relative productivity and unit labor cost levels and evaluating the various methodologies that have been used in previous...

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Remanufacturing is a process of bringing used products (known as 'cores') to 'like-new' functional state by rebuilding and replacing their component parts. Remanufacture has long been used in many industries for high-capital-cost equipment, but it represents a new kind of business process for...

Between 1980 and 1997, municipal waste in OECD countries increased by around 40%. This paper outlines the very real negative effects of this increase and then introduces the two main European Union policies that have been established to address this problem: a landfill directive and legislation...