-tax policies that do not harm their relative chances in the elections. In the experiment, we find that lobbying is never successful …

electoral environment. This allow me to discuss when relevant information is traded, when government captures media and what e …

government: the executive, elected by plurality rule, and the legislative elected by proportional rule. The resulting policy …

decentralization. To explore the relationship between economic reforms and decentralization, the paper argues that a reform has two … has also inspired a relatively large body of work on economic reforms, albeit most of it unconcerned with decentralization …. It is suggested in that second part that integrating decentralization in an analysis of reforms as processes may be …

learn about government?s intentions. The electoral cycle literature has developed in two clearly distinct phases. The first …) behaviour of the government. The paper explores precisely the problem of how to classify a government showing in which, if so …

This paper looks at the case of Pakistan’s decentralization reform of 2001– 09 and its impact on civil service … means, unidirectional. The issues are viewed in the context of decentralization, its opportunities, and outcomes for … efficiency and equity. We then evaluate whether administrative decentralization has enhanced or diminished the potential for …

I develop and test two competing models assessing the impacts of targeted government transferson a local incumbent …