Birth and death may be a better model than Brownian motion for many physical processes, which real options models will increasingly need to deal with. In this paper, we value a perpetual American call option, which gives the monopoly right to invest in a market in which the number of active...

In the UK the National Health Service (NHS) has applied a number of quality improvement approaches from manufacturing, often in a piecemeal fashion; most notably Six Sigma and, more recently, Lean. This article reports on an evaluation of a program used in the NHS to consider what can be learned...

<title/> In the UK the National Health Service (NHS) has applied a number of quality improvement approaches from manufacturing, often in a piecemeal fashion; most notably Six Sigma and, more recently, Lean. This article reports on an evaluation of a programme used in the NHS to consider what can be...